Now the water phase tastes sweet,
because the sugar is moved to the water phase upon shaking.

In this example,

water was the extraction solvent ;

the original oil-sugar mixture was the solution to be extracted; and

sugar was the compound extracted from one phase to another.

Separating the two layers accomplishes the separation of the sugar from the vegetable oil.

What? The oil phase still somewhat tastes sweet?
That means not all of the sugar was removed from the oil by one extraction with water.
What should we do?

Organic Web Chem University of Alberta